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Lipník nad Bečvou
Published: 31.8.2008
Lipník nad Bečvou is an ancient town with 8500 inhabitants, situated in Přerov district, in heart of so called Moravská brána (Moravan Gate), forming line of communication of Regions Haná, Silesia and Walachia.

Lipník nad Bečvou is a historical town with extraordinary spacious square in a  form of letter „L“ and very interesting complex of valuable monuments. From that reason, its centre was declared Lipník nad Bečvouas town preserved reservation. The town can be proud of preserved historical nucleus including Renaissance town hall of 1498, Baroque fountains with statues of St.John Nepomuk and St.Florian as well as Renaissance houses with arcades. Not far from main square, we find parish church of St.James of 14th century with unique bell-tower and sun-dial of 1609. The square centre is surrounded with splendid preserved, medioeval  city-walls with bastions. Except of this, you can find in Lipník also a Neo-classical castle with a park, former Piaristic monastery with a garden and St.Frank Serafinus church. Very populated Jewish community, which lived in the town in past, is reminded  by two unique Jewish cemeteries and synagogue, serving as house of prayer of Synod of Czechoslovak Church at present.

Lipník nad BečvouNear to Lipník, there is to be found Nature Reservation Škrabalka with educational path, rest of meadow-forest, where more than 50 sorts of preserved plants are growing. Not far from here, there is situated medioeval castle of Helfštýn, belonging to vastest castles in central Europe. It became famous  through international meetings of artistic black-smiths „Hefaiston“. The outskirts has very suitable terrain for cycling. A marked cycloroute Bečva leads through this area, used especially by in-line drivers. Except of this, the sportsmen can use great swimming-pool as well as lawn-tennis courts. Lipník nad Bečvou has the ideal traffic accessibility by road or by railway.

First written notice about Lipník comes of 1238. Medioeval Lipník was quite great town, thanks to joining of vast, just in past urbanized areas. However, about beginning of town, we do not have any concrete information available. The town was probably founded by King Přemysl Otakar II in 1256. At that time, the establishment of Lipník formed a logical part of powerful security of this part of Moravia, taking into consideration especially its extraordinary position and character of Moravská brána (Moravian Gate). In 1378, the owner of this dominion Lipník nad Bečvoubecame Lacek of Kravaře. He, together with his son John of Kravaře, granted privileges to a town, enabling its next economical bloom. It was, first of all, liberation from statutory labour or granting of land. The town obtained further privileges from Kravaře Parentage in 1394.

In the course of Hussite wars, Lipník was at their part. Within 1447-1467, the dominion was in possession of Sovinec Parentage. At that time, Lipník obtained further rights, for beer-cooking, sale of wine and town-markets. Since 1467, the town owners became Kostka of Postupice Parentage. Anyway, the biggest development came from last quarter of 15th century, concretely since 1475, when the dominion was bought by William of Pernstein, so the whole region became a part of vast Pernstein estates. This magnate, which became the richest and most important aristocrat of Bohemian Kingdom, created in central Lipník nad BečvouMoravia vast dominium, including areas of Hranice, Drahotuše, Lipník, Veselíčko, Přerov and other. The were established many new guilds (corporations), such as  shoe-making, tailors´, bakers´, or potters´. Suburbs of Lipník were established quickly and an important Jewish quarter was founded,and synagogue of late Gothic style was built. However, 30-years war meant a catastrophe for a town. One third of houses was destroyed, the town was paralysed, and, moreover, it was, from greater part, paralysed with plague epidemy. This 30-years war, which caused Lipník and its inhabitants many damages, decreased the number of its inhabitants. In 1622, the dominion was obtained (as a confiscated ownership from White Hill battle) by Frank Dietrichstein, Cardinal. He joined this dominion into so called „fideikomis“ (it ceased to exist in 1858, with being extincted out of this Parentage after a sword). In 18th century, Lipník nad Bečvouthere were not effected many building activities in a town. Moreover, local life stagnated, and next plague-shock came within 1714-1715. The outskirts revival started again in the last quarter of 18th century. This fact supported the building of so called Emperor road from Olomouc to Nový Jičín and Těšín, terminated in 1787.  Nevertheless, a break in town´s development meant year 1840. In this year, there were, according to the order of Region´s Office, demolished town gates with bastions and the Emperor´s road was removed. Anyway, most important change for a town meant a construction of so called Northern Railway, thanks to that, Lipník became final-station and one of greatest places of reloading of goods in Austria-Hungary Monarchy. This place of reloading allured incredible development of handicrafts of all kinds, and attracted runners of great markets, such as cattle-markets, which ceased to exist even at the end of 19th century.

However, the biggest reconstruction of central part of town in Neo-classical style was caused by big fire in 1858, which destroyed 73 houses approx. After a fire, the city-walls were broken open towards girl-schools, Rudolph park was established, and Lipník nad Bečvouseveral gardens and new houses were created. After 1858, the dominion Lipník nad Bečvou obtained Gabriele Hatzfeld -Wildenburg, one of Dietrichstein inheritors, and later, her daughter Antoinette, Countess  of Althann Parentage. Their ownership was confiscated after 1945. Within 19th century, the industry started to be fully developed, its development continued in 20th century. Many industrial factories were founded, such as draper factory of J.B.Ziak, liquors faktory, sugar-factory, farmers´ brewery or car and car-bodies faktory. New houses were built after 1st World War. Around city-walls circle, there were situated several public buildings, especially school-buildings. Lipník na Bečvou became a town with prevailing agriculture and handicraft character.

 

Text: Denisa Arvajová

Photo: Wikimedia Commons, Miloš Miličevič, palickap, č.2, č.3, DarkLifeCZ, č.2, Cechoslovak  


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