Nový Jičín
The community of Starý Jičín found on spot before the town was established. It was situated on crossroads of important trade roads. This advantage remained to Nový Jičín up to now. The same importance has the square ground-plan.
Quite important period for the development of a town there was the activity of Nobles of Kravaře at the beginning of 14th century. The town received a Gothic face through the Žerotín Castle, part of town sign and town fortification. The 16th century was marked by industrial development of handi-crafts, especially of drapery. The main merit has Žerotín Family. The town became more rich thanks to the drapery, and therefore bought in 1558 from Žerotín Family their dominion and redeemed from servitude. In 1620 became the King´s Town, however, for short period only. The 17th century was the time of disturbances and political fights. The 30-year´s war influenced. As similarly in many places of Europe, in negative way the whole region. In 1623 caught the town the plague epidemy and consequently the town burnt out. In 1624 the town return to be a servitude town, the new owners were Jesuits from Olomouc. After that, the religion fights followed, the town resigned and converted in faith. The Catholic faith prevailed. The town was plundered by Swedens. The second part of the century was more friendly ane brought the renovation of trade and drapery-craft.
In the second half of 18th century the Empress Mary Therese declared the town as free independent town. So Nový Jičín became a seat of many important state offices (Executive District Office, District Court). In 19th century the state built-on request of town citizens – the tobacco and cigar factory.
Before the 1st World Ware lived in town part of citizens of German nationality. They have got their influence especially after Fascism forming in Germany and during the 2nd World War became Nový Jičín completely a German town with mainly of German inhabitants.
After the liberation in 1945 many Czech people returned back and the town got over after the war. The total decline of a town established consequently to the standard of living and prosperity before the war. In 1967 the town was declared as Town Historical Reservation and obtained a title Historical Town of 2001.
The area of Nový Jičín is native place of many important persons – such as František Palacký (14.6.1789 Hodslavice – 26.5.1876 Prague), important politician and philosopher Sigmund Freud (6.5.1856 Příbor – 23.9.1939 London). S.Freud spent in Příbor three years of his life only, but especially those period influenced his life and work regarding psycho-analyse and dreams explanation. The other important persons are František Tomášek (30.6.1899 Studénka – 4.8.1992 Prague) Cardinal, later Archbischop of Prague, Zdeněk Burian (11.2.1905 – 1.7.1981) academic painter and illustrator, Karel Kryl (12.4. 1944 Kroměříž – 3.3.1994 Passau) music composer and poet, whose family owned a printing factory in Nový Jičín.
Monuments and places of interest:
Museum of Nový Jičín Region – Žerotín Castle with standard exposition
Club of Military History – a group of entusiasts inspired by celebrations at the occasion of 200th anniversary of death of Marshal Laudon, started to work on renewal of tradition of infantry regiment Kaunitz-Rietberg, with participation on local and international events.
Text: Markéta Řandová
Photo: WIkimedia Commons, Mikko Virtaperko, Dr. Killer, č.2, č.3, Palickap, Jiří Paclík
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