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Serengeti National Park

Published: 5.9.2009
"Serengeti must not die!" Zoologist Bernhard Grzimek addressed world public in such way in 1959. This was a challenge for rescue of Serengeti Nature Preserved National Park.

It was his target for maintanance of nature life space for animals and plants, in order the  original countryside of East Africa to be kept. However, this caution was not accepted. And followed. Despite this fact, a serious danger exists, that this unique nature miracle of Serengeti (with its droves of wild animals, greatest of the world, would be destroyed by man´s interference) was not, even after 30 years, definitely averted. National Park Serengeti in Tanzania is a heart of East African ground of wild animals. It is situated not far from equator, just nearby a border between Tanzania and Kenya, in south direction from Highland at Lake Ukerewe (Victoria Lake). This National Park is spreaded on surface of 14 763 square kilometres, and has approximately the same area as West Slovakia Region. Since 1981, Serengeti Park is written on UNESCO World Heritage Survey of Nature Wonders.

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Magic of Serengeti does not consist in countryside beauties (the terrain is mostly poor savannah, overgrown with grass and small number of trees). On the other hand, it is concentrated in unique wealth of wild animals who are living here. We can affirm that there is, on no place of the world, concentrated such big quantity of animals. Herds of hoofed animals, living in Serengeti Park, could be comparable just with herds of bisons exterminated many years ago. Gigantic droves of ungulates walk through Serengeti countryside, in accordance with a  rhytm of year seasons.

Serengeti

So, since middle of March till middle of May, rain season is prevailing. This time period changes Serengeti hill plateau into one paradise garden. Enough moisture as well as a warm could cause real miracles in savannah. Arid soil becomes green and flourish. Within following dry period, till October, the highland would resemble dried semi-desert. The animals leave this terrain, looking for food in another areas. At that time, the herds of animals cross the borders of protected area. Nevertheless, short time period of rains during November and December, enables again to grow the grass and bushes, so that returning animals find again enough food.

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During their walks, the animals leave the borders of protected national park and arrive near to territories (areas) inhabitated with people. It is obvious, that their area is limited in dangerous way, which is for these immense herds of animals vitally important. However, the vegetace is not sufficient for them, in order to maintain as wild animals as increasing number of inhabitants. This number of people always increase their life space. This fact leads to limitation of space for animals, and so it remains small hope for survival. However, another threatening of animals, there is a consequence of invigorating tourist traffic, steppe fires, and first of all, the danger of  poachers´ attacks.

Serengeti

So, actual slogan (pass-word) is: „Save the Rhinos!“. Especially two-horn rhinos became most menaced sort of African animals. So, in 1988, there was counted and watched in Serengeti twelve pieces only. It is a great pity that, at present, do not live (in free nature), outside strictly protected nature reservations, any rhine of such sort. One interesting remark: ZOO garden in Dvůr Králové keeps two-horn rhinos since 1971, whereas all their breeding group is the greatest of such sort  in the world! At present, thre are 15 animals together. Rhino is, in similar way as elephant, hunted with cruelty for his horn. In Arabian peninsula, knife-handles of daggers are manufactured from horns, whereas in Asia the horns are ground into powder, and added to certain medicins. So, the challenge: „Serengeti must not die!“ does not lose its actual validity!

 

Text. Jakub Štantejský

Photo: Wikimedia Commons: Ikiwaner, č. 2, č. 3, č. 4, č.5, č.6, Knuckles, Gudio Appenzeller



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